CentOS7下rpm安装MySQL8

CentOS环境

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

准备安装包

可以从MySQL官网 (opens new window)下载最新MySQL8。

手动下载后上传

mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

将安装包上传至/opt/software中

[root@localhost software]# ll
总用量 489744
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  47810444 1月  12 10:21 mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    193616 1月  12 10:21 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    628904 1月  12 10:21 mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   4240320 1月  12 10:21 mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 448614076 1月  12 10:25 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

使用wget下载

需要联网且安装wget

# 安装wget
yum install -y wget

下载

[root@localhost software]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@localhost software]# ll
总用量 784772
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 803604480 6月  17 14:53 mysql-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root       282 6月  17 14:53 old
# 解压
[root@localhost software]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.28-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar  
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  47810444 1月  12 10:21 mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    193616 1月  12 10:21 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    628904 1月  12 10:21 mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   4240320 1月  12 10:21 mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 448614076 1月  12 10:25 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装前检查

检查是否存在mariadb

CentOS中自带 mariadb ，为了避免与MySQL冲突，故先卸载 mariadb ：

# 检查是否安装mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
# 存在mariadb则卸载
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 

检查是否存在MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@localhost ~]#

检查是否存在mysql用户

# 检查组文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
# 检查密码文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql

# 没有则创建
# 创建mysql组
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql
# 创建mysql账号，并指定mysql组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# 修改mysql密码
[root@localhost software]# passwd mysql
更改用户 mysql 的密码 。
新的 密码：
重新输入新的 密码：
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新

# 检查组和密码文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
mysql:x:1000:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql         
mysql:x:997:1000::/home/mysql:/bin/bash

检查是否开启MySQL端口

根据需求修改端口号，这里使用默认端口3306。

# 查看想开的端口是否已开,若此提示FirewallD is not running, 表示为不可知的防火墙 需要查看状态并开启防火墙, 如果是云服务器还需要去控制台配置安全组访问
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp
no
# 开启端口, success代表成功
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
# 刷新配置, 使配置生效
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

安装及配置

注意：需按照如下步骤顺序安装MySQL包。

第1步：安装mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.e################################# [100%]

第2步：mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-client-plugins-8.################################# [100%]

第3步：安装mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7################################# [100%]

第4步：安装mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.e################################# [100%]

第5步：安装mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.e################################# [100%]

第5步报错：

警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
        /usr/bin/perl 被 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64 需要
        mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 8.0.25-1.el7 被 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64 需要
        net-tools 被 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64 需要
        perl(Getopt::Long) 被 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64 需要
        perl(strict) 被 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64 需要

需要安装net-tools依赖：

[root@localhost software]# yum install -y net-tools
[root@localhost software]# yum install -y perl-Module-Install.noarch

查看MySQL安装情况：

[root@localhost software]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64

MySQL默认目录

Centos 通过yum安装(RPM分发进行安装)MySQL的几个默认目录如下：

目录	说明
/usr/bin	客户端程序和脚本
/usr/sbin	mysqld服务器
/var/lib/mysql	数据库目录
/var/lib/mysql-files	数据文件目录
/var/lib/mysql-keyring	加密文件目录
/var/log/mysqld.log	日志文件
/usr/share/mysql-8.0/	错误消息和字符集文件
/etc/my.cnf	配置文件

配置MySQL用户和组

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

启动MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld

查看MySQL状态

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 五 2022-06-17 16:58:58 CST; 11s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 11847 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 11918 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─11918 /usr/sbin/mysqld

6月 17 16:58:53 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
6月 17 16:58:58 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

查看初始化密码

启动成功后，可以在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中查看密码

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2022-06-17T08:58:55.406319Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: I;-C<tB>u4*A

修改密码

# 登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h localhost -u root -p'I;-C<tB>u4*A' 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.25

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

# 修改密码，设置的复杂一点才能通过检测
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Pwd@1234';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 退出
mysql> exit;
Bye

授权其他用户远程登录

为了安全，不允许远程用户使用root用户登录，这里我们创建一个用户 aotuxx 供远程用户登录使用。

mysql> CREATE USER 'aotuxx'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Aotu@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

# aotuxx.*代表赋予aotuxx数据库所有操作权限, 如需要赋予所有数据库权限, 可设置为*.*
# 'aotuxx'@'%'代表允许aotuxx用户在任何ip登录, 也可以指定具体ip, 如'用户名称'@'ip地址'
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'aotuxx'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;   
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 刷新权限
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

其他命令

# 启动mysql服务
systemctl start mysqld.service

# 停止mysql服务
systemctl stop mysqld.service

# 重启mysql服务
systemctl restart mysqld.service

# 查看mysql服务当前状态
systemctl status mysqld.service

# 设置mysql服务开机自启动
systemctl enable mysqld.service

# 停止mysql服务开机自启动
systemctl disable mysqld.service